PROSTATE BIOPSY

WHAT IS A PROSTATE BIOPSY?
A biopsy is a procedure performed to remove tissue or cells from the body for examination under a microscope. A biopsy of the prostate is a process in which the samples of the prostate gland tissue are removed with a special biopsy needle or during surgery to determine if they are cancerous or have other abnormal cells. The diagnosis of prostate cancer is confirmed only by a biopsy.

HOW IS A PROSTATE BIOPSY PERFORMED?
A prostate biopsy can be performed in many different ways:

• Transrectal method. This is done through the rectum and is the most common.
• Perineal method. This is done through the skin between the scrotum and anus.
• Transurethral method. This is done through the urethra.

HOW DOES THE DOCTOR SEE THE PROSTATE TO MAKE THE BIOPSY?
A prostate biopsy may be done by:

• The transrectal ultrasound to guide the biopsy. It is the most frequently used method,selected worldwide.
• Guided by MRI on display.
• Stereotactic biopsy.

WHEN IS A PROSTATE BIOPSY NEEDED?
The prostate biopsy is done after other diagnostic tests indicate a problem with the prostate gland.
The most common tests are:

• Digital rectal examination (DRE).
• Prostate specific antigen (PSA). A blood test may indicate the presence of prostate cancer
• The transrectal ultrasound (TRUS).

A prostate biopsy is then performed for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS OF THE PROCEDURE?

• Discomfort at the biopsy site.
• Infection in the prostate. You may develop a fever and chills.
• Difficulty urinating.
• Haematuria.
• Hematospermia.
• Haematochezia.

There may be other risks depending on your medical condition. Discuss any concerns with your doctor before the procedure.

WHATIS THE PREPARATION?

• Your doctor will explain the procedure.
• You will be given antibiotics .
• Tell your doctor if you are sensitive or allergic to any drugs and anaesthetic agents.
• Tell your doctor about all the medicines (prescription and over the-counter) and herbal supplements you take.
• Tell your doctor if you have a history of bleeding disorders or if you are taking any blood-thinning medications , aspirin, or other drugs that affect blood clotting. It may be necessary for you to stop these medications prior to the procedure.
• If your doctor uses the transrectal method should put an enema the night before or the morning of the biopsy.
• You may receive a sedative before the procedure to help you relax. Because the sedative may cause drowsiness, you should arrange for someone to drive you home.
• Based on your medical condition, your physician may request other specific preparation.

WILL I HAVE TO STAY IN THE HOSPITAL?
The prostate biopsy is done in the office without the need for hospitalization.